weirdfacts

A mole contains 6.02214076 × 102310^{23} specified entities. Molar mass connects a measurable mass to an amount of substance. Be explicit about whether entities are atoms, molecules or formula units; one mole of water molecules contains two moles of hydrogen atoms.

For an empirical formula, convert each element’s mass to moles and divide by the smallest amount. Multiply all ratios if needed to reach small whole numbers. A molecular formula is a whole-number multiple of the empirical formula, found from molar mass.

INTERACTIVE MODEL

Mass and amount

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Explore the relationship

n = m/M. Amount counts entities; specify atoms, molecules or formula units.

Amount / mol00.65631.3131.9692.6250255075100Mass / g
Amount / mol

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SeriesMass / gAmount / mol
Amount / mol00
Amount / mol1.666670.0416667
Amount / mol3.333330.0833333
Amount / mol50.125
Amount / mol6.666670.166667
Amount / mol8.333330.208333
Amount / mol100.25
Amount / mol11.66670.291667
Amount / mol13.33330.333333
Amount / mol150.375
Amount / mol16.66670.416667
Amount / mol18.33330.458333
Amount / mol200.5
Amount / mol21.66670.541667
Amount / mol23.33330.583333
Amount / mol250.625
Amount / mol26.66670.666667
Amount / mol28.33330.708333
Amount / mol300.75
Amount / mol31.66670.791667
Amount / mol33.33330.833333
Amount / mol350.875
Amount / mol36.66670.916667
Amount / mol38.33330.958333
Amount / mol401
Amount / mol41.66671.04167
Amount / mol43.33331.08333
Amount / mol451.125
Amount / mol46.66671.16667
Amount / mol48.33331.20833
Amount / mol501.25
Amount / mol51.66671.29167
Amount / mol53.33331.33333
Amount / mol551.375
Amount / mol56.66671.41667
Amount / mol58.33331.45833
Amount / mol601.5
Amount / mol61.66671.54167
Amount / mol63.33331.58333
Amount / mol651.625
Amount / mol66.66671.66667
Amount / mol68.33331.70833
Amount / mol701.75
Amount / mol71.66671.79167
Amount / mol73.33331.83333
Amount / mol751.875
Amount / mol76.66671.91667
Amount / mol78.33331.95833
Amount / mol802
Amount / mol81.66672.04167
Amount / mol83.33332.08333
Amount / mol852.125
Amount / mol86.66672.16667
Amount / mol88.33332.20833
Amount / mol902.25
Amount / mol91.66672.29167
Amount / mol93.33332.33333
Amount / mol952.375
Amount / mol96.66672.41667
Amount / mol98.33332.45833
Amount / mol1002.5
Amount / mol: 0

Explore: Increase molar mass at fixed sample mass. What happens to amount?

n=mMN=nNAn=\frac mM\qquad N=nN_A
WORKED EXAMPLE

A compound contains 12 g carbon and 4 g hydrogen. Use C = 12 and H = 1 g mol⁻¹.

  1. Amounts are 1 mol C and 4 mol H.
  2. The simplest ratio is 1:4, giving CH₄.
Assumed knowledge

Relative atomic masses and ratios.

Learning checkpoints & sourceYOUR LEARNING CHECKPOINT
  • Convert mass, moles and particle number.
  • Determine empirical and molecular formulas.
QCAA Chemistry · Unit 1 · Chemical reactions — reactants, products and energy change
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