weirdfacts

Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in organic molecules. Chloroplasts use carbon dioxide and water and release oxygen. Respiration transfers energy from organic molecules into ATP for cellular work.

Light intensity, carbon dioxide supply and temperature can each limit photosynthetic rate. Increasing one factor has little effect once another factor becomes limiting. Gas exchange supplies carbon dioxide and removes oxygen through stomata, with a water-loss trade-off.

INTERACTIVE MODEL

Limiting factors

LightCO₂RateRelative rate 50% · light is limiting

Explore: Move light and carbon dioxide controls to find which factor currently limits the rate.

6CO2+6H2OlightC6H12O6+6O26CO_2+6H_2O\xrightarrow{\text{light}}C_6H_{12}O_6+6O_2
WORKED EXAMPLE

A plant receives more light, yet photosynthesis no longer increases.

  1. Light is no longer the limiting factor.
  2. Carbon dioxide supply or enzyme-controlled reactions may now limit the rate.
Assumed knowledge

Energy transfer and simple graphs.

Learning checkpoints & sourceYOUR LEARNING CHECKPOINT
  • Connect photosynthesis and respiration.
  • Recognise limiting factors in photosynthesis.
QCAA Biology · Unit 1 · Cellular energy, gas exchange and plant physiology
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